Based on the information given, Dr. Martin does not stand to gain financially from the acceptance or rejection of the proposal involving Dr. Chesters. It is also unlikely her career will be affected at all by the disposition of the proposal. There may, however, be a personal conflict to the extent that she still views Dr. Chesters as a colleague and wants his career to enjoy continued success. Most people would probably be able to remain objective in the review process. Since there is the possibility of a conflict, this information should be disclosed to the panel chair. (In the situation on which this case study is based, after disclosure was made, the panel chair indicated his belief that the conflict was not significant, due the length of time since the collaboration was active and the minor role Dr. Chesters had in the present proposal.)