This case study is based on a true story, but the names and details have been changed. Alice Martin has been asked to be on an NIH panel reviewing 20 grant proposals. Each panelist is given a list of proposal titles, home institutions, and principal investigators at the start of the process and asked to identify any potential conflicts of interest. Dr. Martin does not see any, so she has sent all of the proposals to read and review. In the course of reading one of the proposals, she discovers that one of the people who would be paid under the grant is Samuel Chesters, a colleague in the field with whom she has collaborated. For about five years, they worked together (although at different universities) on a project that resulted in two publications. Each also gave a talk at a workshop the other had organized. The last professional interaction they had was about five years ago, but they still keep in touch. What should Dr. Martin do? Does she have a conflict of interest?