Publish: Publishing is the process of preparing and issuing printed material for public distribution. In our context, it is the written, as opposed to the oral, method of disseminating scholarly activity. Publication usually involves distributing ideas in books and in journals, both refereed and unrefereed. Increasing use of computers and other electronic devices suggests the extension of this definition to other forms of disseminating information, including, but not limited to, publication on the internet and via CDs or other portable storage media.

Author: In the realm of scholarly activity, "author" cannot be defined simply as the one who composed it in written form. Rather, scholarly authorship is associated with the creation and development of the ideas subsequently disseminated in written form. All those who make a significant contribution to those ideas share in authorship even if not all the authors are directly responsible for putting the ideas in writing.