If you observe an action you believe constitutes research misconduct, you may first wish to try resolving the issue through discussion. Sometimes the appearance of misconduct is the result of a misunderstanding. If you feel unable to discuss the matter with other parties involved or if discussions do not rule out the possibility of misconduct, you should bring this matter (in writing) to the attention of the Misconduct Policy Officer (MPO). At EMU the MPO is the Associate Vice President for Graduate Studies and Research.

The MPO makes an initial determination of whether the alleged behavior meets one definition of academic misconduct and whether the allegation is "frivolous, malicious, or false." If so, action may be taken against the accuser (to ensure allegations are not being made without reasonable cause). Otherwise, an inquiry is begun.

At the inquiry stage, the accused is informed of the nature of the allegation but not of the identity of the accuser. The purpose of the inquiry is to determine if there are sufficient grounds for a formal investigation of the allegation. The inquiry is handled by the MPO and, if necessary, an inquiry panel. The results of the inquiry are submitted in writing to the Provost who, in consultation with the University Counsel, makes a final determination on the need for an investigation. The accused has the right to respond in writing and orally to the allegations, and every effort is made to keep the process confidential. Normally the inquiry is to be completed within 60 days of receipt of the allegation.

If an investigation is not warranted, then both parties receive written notice to that effect, and confidential records of the inquiry are maintained for three years.

If an investigation is warranted, then it is conducted by the Academic Integrity Committee and appropriate federal agencies are notified (particularly in the case of federally sponsored research). The investigation may take up to 120 days.

According to the Office of Research Integrity, "A finding of research misconduct requires that:

• There be a significant departure from accepted practices of the relevant research community; and
  
  
• The misconduct be committed intentionally, or knowingly, or recklessly; and
  
  
• The allegation be proven by a preponderance of evidence."
  

A final report, with conclusions regarding the allegation, is delivered to the Provost and the University President. In the event that the allegations are not substantiated, then all parties who were involved with or notified of the investigation are so informed. If the allegations are substantiated, then the Provost initiates appropriate disciplinary action.